Operators in Python
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Operators in Python
Operators in Python are symbols or keywords that help you perform operations on variables and values.They are the backbone of expressions and logic in every Python program.
In this tutorial, we will learn different types of operators with clear examples.
Types of Operators in Python
Python supports the following categories of operators:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison (Relational) Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations.
Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
+ | Addition | 5 + 3 | 8 |
- | Subtraction | 10 - 2 | 8 |
* | Multiplication | 6 * 7 | 42 |
/ | Division | 9 / 2 | 4.5 |
% | Modulus (Remainder) | 9 % 2 | 1 |
** | Exponentiation | 3 ** 2 | 9 |
// | Floor Division | 9 // 2 | 4 |
Example
```
a = 34
b = 2
print("a + b =", a + b)
print("a - b =", a - b)
print("a * b =", a * b)
print("a / b =", a / b)
print("a % b =", a % b)
print("a // b =", a // b)
print("a ** b =", a ** b)
```
Comparison (Relational) Operators
These operators compare two values and return either True or False.
Operator | Meaning | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
== | Equal to | 5 == 5 | True |
!= | Not equal to | 5 != 3 | True |
> | Greater than | 5 > 3 | True |
< | Less than | 5 < 3 | False |
>= | Greater or equal | 5 >= 5 | True |
<= | Less or equal | 3 <= 4 | True |
Example
```
a = 34
print(a > 4) # True
print(a < 4) # False
print(a >= 4) # True
print(a <= 4) # False
print(a == 34) # True
print(a != 34) # False
````
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional expressions.
Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
and | True if both conditions are True | True and False | False |
or | True if at least one condition is True | True or False | True |
not | Reverses the result | not True | False |
Example
```
print(True and True) # True
print(True and False) # False
print(False or True) # True
print(False or False) # False
print(not True) # False
print(not False) # True
```
and → all conditions must be true
or → at least one condition must be true
not → flips True ↔ False
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign or update the value of variables.
Operator | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
= | a = 5 | Assign value |
+= | a += 3 | a = a + 3 |
-= | a -= 3 | a = a - 3 |
*= | a *= 3 | a = a * 3 |
/= | a /= 3 | a = a / 3 |
%= | a %= 3 | a = a % 3 |
**= | a **= 3 | a = a ** 3 |
//= | a //= 3 | a = a // 3 |
Example
```
a = 32
a += 3
print(a) # 35
a -= 3
print(a) # 32
a *= 3
print(a) # 96
```
Membership Operators
Used to test whether a value exists in a sequence (like strings or lists).
Operator | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
in | 'a' in 'apple' | True if value is present |
not in | 'b' not in 'apple' | True if value is not present |
Example
```
print('a' in 'apple') # True
print('b' not in 'apple') # True
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("apple" in fruits) # True
print("grape" not in fruits) # True
```
Identity Operators
These operators compare memory locations of objects.
Operator | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
is | a is b | True if both refer to the same object |
is not | a is not b | True if both are different objects |
Example
```
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
c = [1, 2, 3]
print(a is b) # True (same memory)
print(a is c) # False (different memory)
print(a is not c) # True
```
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